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translations
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Achieving
Language Equivalence:
Translations for the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) and Modifications (e.g., LCSS-Meso)
The
Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) currently has many translated
versions. The status of these translations has been summarized
in Table 1. To achieve language equivalence, a standard forward/backward
translation process has been used as well as pilot testing
with patients with lung cancer. The developers of the LCSS
are interested in further help to continue development of
other versions. For information regarding the translation
procedures or if interested in helping, please contact Dr.
Patricia Hollen lcss.qlra@gmail.com
>> LCSS Translations - Master list (pdf)
|
Country |
Language |
Forward Translation |
Back Translation plus Review |
Pilot Testing* |
In-Country Review** |
| Argentina |
Spanish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Austria |
German |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Belgium |
Dutch |
|
|
|
X |
| Belgium |
French |
|
|
|
X |
| Brazil |
Portuguese |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Bulgaria |
Bulgarian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Canada |
French |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Chile |
Spanish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| China |
Simplified |
|
|
|
X |
| China |
Traditional |
|
|
|
X |
| Colombia |
Spanish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Croatia |
Croatian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Czech Republic |
Czech |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Denmark |
Danish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Estonia |
Estonian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Finland |
Finnish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| French |
French |
|
|
|
X |
| Germany |
German |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Greece |
Greek |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Hungary |
Hungarian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Bengali |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Gujurati |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Hindi |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Kannada |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Malayalam |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Marathi |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Tamil |
X |
X |
X |
|
| India |
Telegu |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Israel |
Arabic |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Israel |
Hebrew |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Italy |
Italian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Japan |
Japanese |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Korea |
Korean |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Latvia |
Latvian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Lebanon |
Arabic |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Lithuania |
Lithuanian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Malaysia |
Malay |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Mexico |
Spanish |
|
|
|
X |
| Netherlands |
Dutch |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Norway |
Norwegian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Poland |
Polish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Portugal |
Portuguese |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Romania |
Romanian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Russia |
Russian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Singapore |
Simplified |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Slovakia |
Slovak |
X |
X |
X |
|
| South Africa |
Afrikaans |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Spain |
Spanish |
|
|
X |
X |
| Sweden |
Swedish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Taiwan |
Traditional |
|
|
X |
X |
| Thailand |
Thai |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Turkey |
Turkish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Uruguay |
Spanish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| US |
Spanish |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Vietnam |
Vietnamese |
X |
X |
X |
|
* With 7 in-country patients with lung cancer
** Review and adaptation of, if needed, mother language version for use in another country.
Note:
Due to the simplicity of the measure, the standard methodology required
by the developer is: one forward translation, two back translations,
and pilot interviews with seven patients with lung cancer. Where
the figure (2) appears, a process with two forward translations,
reconciliation review by a panel, and two back translations was
employed in addition to the pilot testing (this being the preferred
methodology of the translation company in England).
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